How long did the macedonian empire last

Dissension and rivalry soon afflicted the Macedonians. Ptolemy was appointed as satrap of Egypt in BCE, by Perdiccas during the succession crisis that erupted following Alexander the Great.

The identification is based upon coin effigies. Early in the Ptolemaic dyansty, Egyptian religion and customs were observed, and magnificent new temples were built in the style of the old pharaohs. During the reign of Ptolemies II and III, thousands of Macedonian veterans were rewarded with farm land grants, and settled in colonies and garrisons throughout the country. Within a century, Greek influence had spread throughout the country and intermarriage produced a large Greco-Egyptian educated class.

Despite this, the Greeks remained a privileged minority in Ptolemaic Egypt. Greek individuals lived under Greek law, received a Greek education, were tried in Greek courts, and were citizens of Greek cities, rather than Egyptian cities. At the height of its power, the Seleucid Empire encompassed central Anatolia, Persia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and what is now Kuwait, Afghanistan, and parts of Pakistan and Turkmenistan. Seleucus himself traveled as far as India in his campaigns. Seleucid expansion into Anatolia and Greece was halted, however, after decisive defeats at the hands of the Roman army.

The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture, where Greek customs prevailed and the Greek political elite dominated, though mostly in urban areas. Existing Greek populations within the empire were supplemented with Greek immigrants. It became the capital of a new kingdom of Pergamon, which Philetaerus founded in BCE, thus beginning the rule of the Attalid Dynasty.

The Attalid kingdom began as a rump state, but was expanded by subsequent rulers. The Attalids themselves were some of the most loyal supporters of Rome in the Hellenistic world.

Under Attalus I r. They allied with Rome again under Eumenes II r. Additionally, in exchange for their support against the Seleucids, the Attalids were given all former Seleucid domains in Asia Minor. The Attalids were known for their intelligent and generous rule. Many historical documents from the era demonstrate that the Attalids supported the growth of towns by sending in skilled artisans and remitting taxes.

They also allowed Greek cities to maintain nominal independence and sent gifts to Greek cultural sites, such as Delphi, Delos, and Athens, and even remodeled the Acropolis of Pergamon after the Acropolis in Athens. When Attalus III r. Macedon, or Macedonia, was the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. Antigonus II r. The Macedonian king was never deified in the same way that kings of the Ptolemaic and Seleucid Dynasties had been.

Additionally, the custom of proskynesis, a traditional Persian act of bowing or prostrating oneself before a person of higher social rank, was never adopted. Instead, Macedonian subjects addressed their kings in a far more casual manner, and kings still consulted with their aristocracy in the process of making decisions. During the reigns of Philip V r.

Two decisive defeats in and BCE resulted in the deposition of the Antigonid Dynasty, and the dismantling of the kingdom of Macedon. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content.

Ancient Greece and the Hellenistic World. Search for:. Macedonian Conquest. Many Macedonian institutions and demonstrations of power mirrored established Achaemenid conventions. Key Terms sarissas : A long spear or pike about feet in length, used in ancient Greek and Hellenistic warfare, that was initially introduced by Philip II of Macedon.

Key Takeaways Key Points Alexander the Great spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa. By the age of 30, he created an empire that stretched from Greece to Egypt, and into present-day Pakistan.

Alexander inherited a strong kingdom and experienced army, both of which contributed to his successes. Key Terms phalanx : A rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar weapons.

He was the father of Alexander the Great. As well as fighting epic battles against enemies that far outnumbered him in Persia and India, and unrelenting guerrilla warfare in Afghanistan, this charismatic king, who was worshiped as a god by some subjects and only 32 when he died, brought Greek civilization to the East, opening up East to West as never before and making the Greeks realize they belonged to a far larger world than just the Mediterranean.

Alexander was the master builder of the Macedonian empire, but Philip was certainly its architect. The reigns of these charismatic kings were remarkable ones, not only for their time but also for what — two millennia later — they can tell us today. For example, Alexander had to deal with a large, multi-cultural subject population, which sheds light on contemporary events in culturally similar regions of the world and can inform makers of modern strategy.

In bitter fighting with massive casualties Alexander overcame enemy armies to establish the largest ancient empire before the Roman. Alexander the intellectual was nowhere near Alexander the warrior. This was the beginning of the end for the ruling Achaemenid dynasty. When his son Alexander was 14, Philip hired Aristotle, foremost intellectual of the day, as his tutor. Aristotle taught Alexander for 3 years, turning him into an intellectual who spread Greek culture in the East. Images: 1.

Macedonia is located in the center of the Southern Balkans, north of ancient Hellas Greece , east of Illyria, and west of Thrace.

The name "Macedonia" is the oldest surviving name of a country on the continent of Europe. The ancient Macedonians were a distinct nation, ethnically, linguistically, and culturally different from their neighbors.

Their origins are in the ancient Brygian Phrygian substratum that occupied the whole of Macedonian territory and in Indo-European superstratum, which settled here at the end of the 2 nd millennium. Archaeological evidence shows that old European civilization flourished in Macedonia between and BC. Archelaus BC turns Macedonia into an economic power and reorganizes the Macedonian army.

Macedonia loses the whole of Greece and is reduced to its original borders. Perseus dies prisoner in Italy, a rebellion against the Roman rule fails, and by Macedonia is a Roman province.

Apostle Paul and his epistles preach Christianity for the first time on European soil, in the Macedonian towns Philippi, Thessalonica, and Beroea. The first European to convert to Christianity is a Macedonian girl by the name of Lydia. Macedonia falls to the Eastern Byzantine , a multi-national empire stretching over three continents at its height.

The earlier Byzantine Emperors are Romans but in time, people of Macedonian, Syrian, Armenian, Phrygian Amorian , and other ethnic backgrounds become rulers. By his empire is retaken by Byzantium. The leader Karposh is captured and executed on the Stone Bridge in Skopje. The so-called "Macedonian Question" appears. T he Greeks, Bulgarians, and Serbs compete in their quest to occupy Macedonia and in the same time put obstacles to Macedonian independence.

The Macedonian freedom fighters adopt a constitution known as the Rules of the Macedonian Uprising Committee. The uprising sets strong influence on the growth of Macedonian national awareness. The Bulgarians effectively destroy the idea. Under the slogan "Macedonia for the Macedonians", its objectives are national freedom and establishment of independent Macedonian state. Georgi Gotse Delchev becomes its leader.